sacer
Latin 拉丁语
"分离的,神圣的"
→
sacrare
Latin verb 动词
"使...成为神圣"
→
sacré
Old French 古法语
"被祝圣的"
→
sacred
Middle English 中古英语
"献给上帝的"
词根 sacer 在拉丁文中具有一种自相矛盾的双重性——它既可以指“神圣的”,也可以指“受诅咒的”。
这表明在古人观念中,所谓“神圣”,就是指任何超越日常平凡事物的存在(无论它是崇高的还是危险的)。
这个词根衍生出了许多重要词汇,如 sacrifice(牺牲/献祭)、sacrament(圣礼)、sanctuary(圣殿/避难所)等。
Semantic Field 语义场域
✦ Synonyms — Spiritual 近义词 (宗教/精神)
hallowed C1
consecrated C1
sanctified C1
blessed B2
divine B2
venerable C1
✦ Synonyms — General 近义词 (通用/引申)
inviolable C1
revered C1
august C2
inviolate C2
untouchable B2
numinous C2
✦ Antonyms & Contrasts 反义词与对照词
profane C1
secular B2
mundane C1
sacrilegious C1
desecrated C1
irreverent B2
blasphemous C1
banal C1
SACRED
神圣的
脱离了平凡的事物;属于神圣、不可触碰与永恒的领域。唤起人们的敬畏感、责任感和保护欲。
↔
vs.
PROFANE
世俗的 / 亵渎的
源于 pro fanum(字面意为“神庙之外”)。指日常的、普通的、非神圣的。在学术语境中,它并非指“邪恶”,仅仅代表“未被划分为神圣”。
Collocations & Patterns 常用搭配与句型
✦ Sacred + Noun 修饰名词
a sacred duty
神圣的职责(被视为绝对必须履行的道德义务,如赡养父母)
sacred ground / land
圣地(被赋予深厚精神意义的土地)
a sacred text / scripture
圣典 / 经文(具有宗教权威的著作)
a sacred ritual / ceremony
神圣的仪式
sacred music
宗教音乐(专为宗教礼拜创作的音乐)
✦ Verb + Sacred 动词搭配
hold something sacred
将...视为神圣 ("她将祖母的记忆视若神明。")
consider / regard as sacred
认为...是神圣的 ("他们认为周日是神圣的家庭日。")
treat as sacred
像对待神圣事物般对待 ("政客们将宪法奉为神明。")
deem sacred
尊为神圣(正式/文学用语:"这片森林被部落尊为神圣。")
nothing is sacred
习语:百无禁忌 / 毫无底线 ("在讽刺文学中,没有什么是不可以拿来开玩笑的。")
✦ Compounds & Set Phrases 复合词与固定短语
sacred cow
习语:圣牛(喻指不容批评、神圣不可侵犯的信仰或机制)
the sacred and the profane
神圣与世俗(宗教学研究中的基础对立概念)
sacred geometry
神圣几何学(被认为具有精神意义的数学模式)
sacred space
神圣空间(专用于敬拜、反思或仪式的场所)
✦ Degree & Intensification 程度与强调
truly / genuinely sacred
真正神圣的(强调其神圣特质的真实性)
considered sacred by many
被许多人视为神圣(表达一种普遍共识)
almost / quasi-sacred
准神圣的 / 近乎神圣的 ("足球在这里获得了近乎神圣的地位。")
rendered sacred by time
因岁月的沉淀而显神圣(暗示时间本身赋予了事物神圣感)
Domains of Use 应用领域与语境
🕌
Religion
宗教领域
"The Ganges is a sacred river to Hindus."
(恒河对印度教徒来说是神圣的河流。)
⚖️
Politics / Law
政治/法律
"Freedom of speech is a sacred right."
(言论自由是一项神圣不可侵犯的权利。)
🎭
Arts & Culture
艺术/文化
"For jazz musicians, improvisation is sacred."
(对爵士乐手而言,即兴创作是神圣的。)
🌿
Ecology
生态环境
"Indigenous peoples consider the forest sacred."
(原住民认为森林是神圣的。)
💬
Everyday Speech
日常交流(引申意)
"Sunday mornings are sacred — don't call me."
(星期天早上是我雷打不动的休息时间——别打电话给我。)
Sentences in Context 语境例句解析
01
The ancient temple stood on sacred ground, and locals believed that disturbing the soil would bring misfortune.
这座古庙矗立在圣地之上,当地人认为动这里的土会招来厄运。
B2 — Religious / Cultural context (宗教/文化语境)
02
For her, the evening hour before dinner was sacred — a time to read undisturbed and gather her thoughts.
对她而言,晚饭前的那一个小时是神圣不可侵犯的——那是她不受打扰地阅读和整理思绪的时间。
B2 — Secular metaphorical use (世俗引申用法)
03
Democracy, though imperfect, must remain sacred; once we allow its principles to be eroded, we lose them entirely.
民主虽然并不完美,但必须保持其神圣性;一旦我们允许其原则被侵蚀,我们就会彻底失去它。
C1 — Political rhetoric, formal register (政治修辞/正式语体)
04
The comedian's irreverence was total — for him, nothing was sacred, not even death or royalty.
这位喜剧演员可谓彻底的玩世不恭——对他来说,没有什么是神圣不可触碰的,即便是死亡或王室也不例外。
C1 — Idiomatic "nothing is sacred" (习语搭配)
05
In a culture that turns everything into a commodity, the challenge is to preserve what is genuinely sacred — that which cannot and should not be bought.
在一个将一切事物商品化的文化中,我们面临的挑战是去保护那些真正神圣的事物——即那些无法被购买、也不应被购买的东西。
C2 — Philosophical prose, high register (哲学散文/高阶语体)
Word Family 词族拓展
Adjective 形容词
sacred
神圣的
"a sacred promise"
Adverb 副词
sacredly
神圣地
"sacredly guarded"
Noun 名词
sacredness
神圣性
"the sacredness of life"
Noun (ceremony) 名词
sacrament
圣礼 / 仪式
"receive the sacrament"
Verb 动词
consecrate
奉为神圣 / 祝圣
"to consecrate a church"
Noun (violation) 名词
sacrilege
亵渎 / 冒犯
"It's sacrilege to skip dessert."
Adjective (violation) 形容词
sacrilegious
亵渎神明的
"a sacrilegious act"
Noun (place) 名词
sanctuary
圣殿 / 避难所
"seek sanctuary"
✦ · · ✦ · · ✦
Great Ideas & Books 思想名著推荐
VOL. I
The Sacred and the Profane
《神圣与世俗》
Mircea Eliade · 1957
The foundational text. Eliade argues that the sacred is experienced as a rupture in ordinary space — a hierophany, a "breaking in" of the transcendent. Sacred places, times, and persons are not merely symbolic but ontologically different.
学习笔记: 伊利亚德的书名展现了这个词最核心的反义搭配。注意:Profane (世俗) 并不是指“罪恶”,它仅仅代表非神圣的日常事物。
VOL. II
The Idea of the Holy
《论神圣》
Rudolf Otto · 1917
Otto coins numinous — the experience of the sacred as "mysterium tremendum et fascinans": a mystery that is at once terrifying and utterly compelling. The sacred produces awe, not just reverence.
学习笔记: 奥托创造了 "Numinous" (令人敬畏的) 一词,作为 Sacred 的高级同义词,强调神圣事物带来的震撼与压倒性的情感体验。
VOL. III
Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
《人类简史》
Yuval Noah Harari · 2011
Harari argues that sacred myths are the "imagined realities" that allow humans to cooperate at scale. Nations, constitutions, and money are, in his analysis, secular sacred objects — believed in collectively.
学习笔记: 赫拉利将 sacred 的概念延伸到了宗教之外。这对理解现代政治、经济话语中“神圣不可侵犯”的比喻义极有帮助。
VOL. IV
The Power of Myth
《神话的力量》
Joseph Campbell · 1988
Campbell, in dialogue with Bill Moyers, explores how sacred myths orient human life across cultures. The hero's journey passes through sacred thresholds. "Sacred" here is wherever transformation occurs.
学习笔记: 坎贝尔的著作解释了为什么 "sacred" 会出现在体育场或音乐会中——任何人类经历集体精神蜕变的场所,都可以是神圣的。
VOL. V
Walden
《瓦尔登湖》
Henry David Thoreau · 1854
Thoreau treats nature as sacred — not through formal religion but through attention. His prose consecrates the pond, the woodchuck, the morning mist. "Sacredness" for Thoreau is found in solitude and deliberate living.
学习笔记: 这是理解“世俗的神圣感”的绝佳范本。梭罗不依赖教会语境,而是用 sacred 赋予大自然和独处一种庄严感。
VOL. VI
The Brothers Karamazov
《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》
Fyodor Dostoevsky · 1880
Dostoevsky's characters debate what, if anything, remains sacred when God is removed. Ivan Karamazov's rebellion against a God who permits children's suffering is one of literature's greatest interrogations of the sacred.
学习笔记: 进阶阅读——这部小说戏剧化地探讨了在现代生活中,神圣感如何崩塌,以及人类为何依然迫切需要它。
"To call something sacred is to place it beyond the reach of ordinary exchange — to say: this has a price beyond price."
“称某物为神圣,便是将其置于普通交易的范畴之外——也就是说:它是无价之宝。”
A Semantic Lexicon · SACRED · ESL Advanced Series (ESL 高阶英语系列)