A Semantic Lexicon 高阶语义词汇图谱

SACRED

神圣的 · 庄严的
英 /ˈseɪ.krɪd/ · 美 /ˈseɪ.krɪd/
adj. sacred · adv. sacredly · n. sacredness
B2 中高级
C1 高级
C2 精通级
FORMAL 正式用语
LITERARY 文学用语
sacer
Latin 拉丁语
"分离的,神圣的"
sacrare
Latin verb 动词
"使...成为神圣"
sacré
Old French 古法语
"被祝圣的"
sacred
Middle English 中古英语
"献给上帝的"
词根 sacer 在拉丁文中具有一种自相矛盾的双重性——它既可以指“神圣的”,也可以指“受诅咒的”。 这表明在古人观念中,所谓“神圣”,就是指任何超越日常平凡事物的存在(无论它是崇高的还是危险的)。 这个词根衍生出了许多重要词汇,如 sacrifice(牺牲/献祭)、sacrament(圣礼)、sanctuary(圣殿/避难所)等。
Semantic Field 语义场域
✦ Synonyms — Spiritual 近义词 (宗教/精神)
hallowed C1
consecrated C1
sanctified C1
blessed B2
divine B2
venerable C1
✦ Synonyms — General 近义词 (通用/引申)
inviolable C1
revered C1
august C2
inviolate C2
untouchable B2
numinous C2
✦ Antonyms & Contrasts 反义词与对照词
profane C1
secular B2
mundane C1
sacrilegious C1
desecrated C1
irreverent B2
blasphemous C1
banal C1
SACRED 神圣的

脱离了平凡的事物;属于神圣、不可触碰与永恒的领域。唤起人们的敬畏感、责任感和保护欲。

vs.
PROFANE 世俗的 / 亵渎的

源于 pro fanum(字面意为“神庙之外”)。指日常的、普通的、非神圣的。在学术语境中,它并非指“邪恶”,仅仅代表“未被划分为神圣”。

Collocations & Patterns 常用搭配与句型
✦ Sacred + Noun 修饰名词
a sacred duty 神圣的职责(被视为绝对必须履行的道德义务,如赡养父母) sacred ground / land 圣地(被赋予深厚精神意义的土地) a sacred text / scripture 圣典 / 经文(具有宗教权威的著作) a sacred ritual / ceremony 神圣的仪式 sacred music 宗教音乐(专为宗教礼拜创作的音乐)
✦ Verb + Sacred 动词搭配
hold something sacred 将...视为神圣 ("她将祖母的记忆视若神明。") consider / regard as sacred 认为...是神圣的 ("他们认为周日是神圣的家庭日。") treat as sacred 像对待神圣事物般对待 ("政客们将宪法奉为神明。") deem sacred 尊为神圣(正式/文学用语:"这片森林被部落尊为神圣。") nothing is sacred 习语:百无禁忌 / 毫无底线 ("在讽刺文学中,没有什么是不可以拿来开玩笑的。")
✦ Compounds & Set Phrases 复合词与固定短语
sacred cow 习语:圣牛(喻指不容批评、神圣不可侵犯的信仰或机制) the sacred and the profane 神圣与世俗(宗教学研究中的基础对立概念) sacred geometry 神圣几何学(被认为具有精神意义的数学模式) sacred space 神圣空间(专用于敬拜、反思或仪式的场所)
✦ Degree & Intensification 程度与强调
truly / genuinely sacred 真正神圣的(强调其神圣特质的真实性) considered sacred by many 被许多人视为神圣(表达一种普遍共识) almost / quasi-sacred 准神圣的 / 近乎神圣的 ("足球在这里获得了近乎神圣的地位。") rendered sacred by time 因岁月的沉淀而显神圣(暗示时间本身赋予了事物神圣感)
Domains of Use 应用领域与语境
🕌 Religion 宗教领域 "The Ganges is a sacred river to Hindus." (恒河对印度教徒来说是神圣的河流。)
⚖️ Politics / Law 政治/法律 "Freedom of speech is a sacred right." (言论自由是一项神圣不可侵犯的权利。)
🎭 Arts & Culture 艺术/文化 "For jazz musicians, improvisation is sacred." (对爵士乐手而言,即兴创作是神圣的。)
🌿 Ecology 生态环境 "Indigenous peoples consider the forest sacred." (原住民认为森林是神圣的。)
💬 Everyday Speech 日常交流(引申意) "Sunday mornings are sacred — don't call me." (星期天早上是我雷打不动的休息时间——别打电话给我。)
Sentences in Context 语境例句解析
01
The ancient temple stood on sacred ground, and locals believed that disturbing the soil would bring misfortune.
这座古庙矗立在圣地之上,当地人认为动这里的土会招来厄运。
B2 — Religious / Cultural context (宗教/文化语境)
02
For her, the evening hour before dinner was sacred — a time to read undisturbed and gather her thoughts.
对她而言,晚饭前的那一个小时是神圣不可侵犯的——那是她不受打扰地阅读和整理思绪的时间。
B2 — Secular metaphorical use (世俗引申用法)
03
Democracy, though imperfect, must remain sacred; once we allow its principles to be eroded, we lose them entirely.
民主虽然并不完美,但必须保持其神圣性;一旦我们允许其原则被侵蚀,我们就会彻底失去它。
C1 — Political rhetoric, formal register (政治修辞/正式语体)
04
The comedian's irreverence was total — for him, nothing was sacred, not even death or royalty.
这位喜剧演员可谓彻底的玩世不恭——对他来说,没有什么是神圣不可触碰的,即便是死亡或王室也不例外。
C1 — Idiomatic "nothing is sacred" (习语搭配)
05
In a culture that turns everything into a commodity, the challenge is to preserve what is genuinely sacred — that which cannot and should not be bought.
在一个将一切事物商品化的文化中,我们面临的挑战是去保护那些真正神圣的事物——即那些无法被购买、也不应被购买的东西。
C2 — Philosophical prose, high register (哲学散文/高阶语体)
Word Family 词族拓展
Adjective 形容词
sacred 神圣的 "a sacred promise"
Adverb 副词
sacredly 神圣地 "sacredly guarded"
Noun 名词
sacredness 神圣性 "the sacredness of life"
Noun (ceremony) 名词
sacrament 圣礼 / 仪式 "receive the sacrament"
Verb 动词
consecrate 奉为神圣 / 祝圣 "to consecrate a church"
Noun (violation) 名词
sacrilege 亵渎 / 冒犯 "It's sacrilege to skip dessert."
Adjective (violation) 形容词
sacrilegious 亵渎神明的 "a sacrilegious act"
Noun (place) 名词
sanctuary 圣殿 / 避难所 "seek sanctuary"
✦ · · ✦ · · ✦
Great Ideas & Books 思想名著推荐
VOL. I
The Sacred and the Profane
《神圣与世俗》
Mircea Eliade · 1957

The foundational text. Eliade argues that the sacred is experienced as a rupture in ordinary space — a hierophany, a "breaking in" of the transcendent. Sacred places, times, and persons are not merely symbolic but ontologically different.

学习笔记: 伊利亚德的书名展现了这个词最核心的反义搭配。注意:Profane (世俗) 并不是指“罪恶”,它仅仅代表非神圣的日常事物。

VOL. II
The Idea of the Holy
《论神圣》
Rudolf Otto · 1917

Otto coins numinous — the experience of the sacred as "mysterium tremendum et fascinans": a mystery that is at once terrifying and utterly compelling. The sacred produces awe, not just reverence.

学习笔记: 奥托创造了 "Numinous" (令人敬畏的) 一词,作为 Sacred 的高级同义词,强调神圣事物带来的震撼与压倒性的情感体验。

VOL. III
Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
《人类简史》
Yuval Noah Harari · 2011

Harari argues that sacred myths are the "imagined realities" that allow humans to cooperate at scale. Nations, constitutions, and money are, in his analysis, secular sacred objects — believed in collectively.

学习笔记: 赫拉利将 sacred 的概念延伸到了宗教之外。这对理解现代政治、经济话语中“神圣不可侵犯”的比喻义极有帮助。

VOL. IV
The Power of Myth
《神话的力量》
Joseph Campbell · 1988

Campbell, in dialogue with Bill Moyers, explores how sacred myths orient human life across cultures. The hero's journey passes through sacred thresholds. "Sacred" here is wherever transformation occurs.

学习笔记: 坎贝尔的著作解释了为什么 "sacred" 会出现在体育场或音乐会中——任何人类经历集体精神蜕变的场所,都可以是神圣的。

VOL. V
Walden
《瓦尔登湖》
Henry David Thoreau · 1854

Thoreau treats nature as sacred — not through formal religion but through attention. His prose consecrates the pond, the woodchuck, the morning mist. "Sacredness" for Thoreau is found in solitude and deliberate living.

学习笔记: 这是理解“世俗的神圣感”的绝佳范本。梭罗不依赖教会语境,而是用 sacred 赋予大自然和独处一种庄严感。

VOL. VI
The Brothers Karamazov
《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》
Fyodor Dostoevsky · 1880

Dostoevsky's characters debate what, if anything, remains sacred when God is removed. Ivan Karamazov's rebellion against a God who permits children's suffering is one of literature's greatest interrogations of the sacred.

学习笔记: 进阶阅读——这部小说戏剧化地探讨了在现代生活中,神圣感如何崩塌,以及人类为何依然迫切需要它。

"To call something sacred is to place it beyond the reach of ordinary exchange — to say: this has a price beyond price."

“称某物为神圣,便是将其置于普通交易的范畴之外——也就是说:它是无价之宝。”

A Semantic Lexicon · SACRED · ESL Advanced Series (ESL 高阶英语系列)